Until a few years ago, intelligent systems such as robots and digital voice assistants had to be tailored towards narrow and specific tasks and contexts. Such systems needed to be programmed and fine tuned by experts. But, recent developments in artificial intelligence have led to a paradigm shift: instead of explicitly representing knowledge about all information processing steps at time of development, machines are endowed with the ability to learn. With the help of machine learning it is possible to leverage large amounts of data samples, which hopefully transfer to new situations via pattern matching. Groundbreaking achievements in performance have been obtained over the last years with deep neural networks, whose functionality is inspired by the structure of the human brain. A large number of artificial neurons interconnected and organized in layers process input data under large computational costs. Although experts understand the inner working of such systems, as they have designed the learning algorithms, often they are not able to explain or predict the system’s intelligent behavior due to its complexity. Such systems end up as blackboxes raising the question of how such systems’ decisions can be understood and trusted.
WhiteBox – explainable models for human and artificial intelligence
The LOEWE Research Cluster WhiteBox is aimed at developing methods at the intersection between Cognitive Science and AI to make human and artificial intelligence more understandable
Project Introduction
Our basic hypothesis is that explaining an artificial intelligence system may not be fundamentally different from the task of explaining intelligent goal-directed behavior in humans. Behavior of a biological agent is also based on the information processing of a large number of neurons within brains and acquired experience. But, an explanation based on a complete wiring diagram of the brain and all its interactions with its environment may not provide an understandable explanation. Instead, explanations of intelligent behavior need to reside at a computationally more abstract level: they need to be cognitive explanations. Such explanations are developed in computational cognitive science. Thus, WhiteBox aims at transforming blackbox models into developing whitebox models through cognitive explanations that are interpretable and understandable.
Following our basic assumption, we will systematically develop and compare whitebox and blackbox models for artificial intelligence and human behavior. In order to quantify the differences between these models, we will not only develop novel blackbox and whitebox models, but also generate methods for the quantitative and interpretable comparison between these models. Particularly, we will develop new methodologies to generate explanations automatically by means of AI. As an example, deep blackbox models comprise deep neural networks whereas whitebox models can be probabilistic generative models with explicit and interpretable latent variables. Application of these techniques to intelligent goal directed human behavior will provide better computational explanations of human intelligent behavior as well as allow to transfer human level behavior to machines.
News
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Many women, one mission: LOEWE top research from Hesse.
February 11, 2025
A joint campaign by the PROLOEWE network on 11 February, the International Day of Women and Girls in Science.
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Picture: Tanja Desch / ProLOEWE![]()
Picture: Tanja Desch / ProLOEWE„Knowledge versus Opinion“
July 15, 2024
WhiteBox is engaged in the science simulation game “Knowledge versus Opinion” at schools in the federal state of Hesse.
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Movement Academy 2024
June 15, 2024
From 13-14 June 2024 the 4th Movement Academy took place in Bensheim (near Darmstadt) with over 50 participants from various professional and academic backgrounds in the field of human movement and learning, mainly organized by the DFG research training group LokoAssist.
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April 14, 2025 – Congratulations! Matthias Schultheis successfully defended his dissertation “Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Human Decision-Making Under Uncertainty”. The thesis was supervised by Prof. Dr. Heinz Koeppl and Prof. Constantin A. Rothkopf, Ph.D. Learn more
February 5, 2025 – At the invitation of WhiteBox and the Centre for Cognitive Science, David Franklin (Technical University of Munich) presented his work on “Computational Mechanisms of Human Sensorimotor Adaptation” in Darmstadt today, and discussed our scientific approaches.
November 20, 2024 – At the invitation of WhiteBox and the Centre for Cognitive Science, Anna Hughes (University of Essex) presented her work on “Hide and seek: the psychology of camouflage and motion confusion” in Darmstadt today, and discussed our scientific approaches.
November 6, 2024 – At the invitation of WhiteBox and the Centre for Cognitive Science, Mate Lengyel (University of Cambridge) presented his work on “Normative models of cortical dynamics” in Darmstadt today, and discussed our scientific approaches.
October 23, 2024 – At the invitation of WhiteBox and the Centre for Cognitive Science, Leonie Oostwoud Wijdenes (Radboud University Nijmegen) presented her work on “Variability in sensorimotor control” in Darmstadt today, and discussed our scientific approaches.
October 2024 – The WhiteBox research team met from October 7 to 11 at Laacher See in the Eifel for their third retreat. The main topics were interdisciplinary scientific exchange and discussion of the current status of the work.
July 17, 2024 – At the invitation of WhiteBox and the Centre for Cognitive Science, Jozsef Fiser (Central European University, Vienna, Austria) presented his work on “Complex perceptual decision making processes in humans” in Darmstadt today, and discussed our scientific approaches.
July 15, 2024 – WhiteBox is engaged in the science simulation game “Knowledge versus Opinion” at schools in the federal state of Hesse. The simulation game introduces pupils to the importance of science and democracy. Learn more
July 10, 2024 – At the invitation of WhiteBox and the Centre for Cognitive Science, Ralf Haefner (University of Rochester) presented his work on “Causal inference during motion perception, and its neural basis” in Darmstadt today, and discussed our scientific approaches.
June 2024 – From 13-14 June 2024 the 4th Movement Academy took place in Bensheim with over 50 participants, which was mainly organized by the DFG RTG LokoAssist. The aim of the Movement Academy is to create a unique learning space for movement experts and people interested in movements, national and international, that come from a variety of backgrounds including arts, sports, medicine, therapy and science. The conference was also supported by the Center for Cognitive Science and due to the involved topics by the WhiteBox research cluster, among others. Learn more
June 12, 2024 – At the invitation of WhiteBox and the Centre for Cognitive Science, Maria Eckstein (Google DeepMind) presented her work on “Hybrid Modeling with Artificial Neural Networks Reveals how Memory Shapes Human Reward-Guided Learning” in Darmstadt today, and discussed our scientific approaches.
April 25, 2024 – WhiteBox supported this year’s Girls' Day, aimed at fostering curiosity and interest in cognitive science. The participants engaged in immersive sessions exploring various topics within the field. Learn more
April 2024 – WhiteBox supports the awareness event: “Uncovered Biases: The Power of Awareness in Dealing with Unconscious Bias” on 24th of April 2024. (The event is held in German only.) Learn more
January 2024 – In a publication in the renowned journal “Nature Human Behaviour”, WhiteBox researchers investigate the properties of behavioral economic theories automatically learned by artificial intelligence. The study highlights that cognitive science still cannot be easily automated by artificial intelligence and that a careful combination of theoretical reasoning, machine learning and data analysis is needed to understand and explain why human decisions are the way they are and deviate from the mathematical optimum. Read more (in German)
Project Details
- Project: WhiteBox – explainable models for human and artificial intelligence (Erklärbare Modelle für menschliche und künstliche Intelligenz)
- Project partners: Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt)
- Project duration: January 2021 – December 2025
- Project funding: 4.7 Mio EUR
- Funded by: Hessian State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts
- Funding Line: LOEWE Research Cluster, Funding Round 13
- Funding ID: LOEWE/2/13/519/03/06.001(0010)/77